Commentary for Moed Katan 31:14
א"ל לרב אידי בר אבין מידי שמיע לך בהא א"ל הכי אמר רב תחליפא בר אבימי אמר שמואל טוט אסר וטוט שרי אמר ליה ה"מ לממונא אבל לאפקירותא עד דחיילא שמתא עליה תלתין יומין
What is denoted by hardafah? - Said Rab Judah son of R'Samuel B'Shelath in the name of Rab: It means, They declare him 'separated'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Repel or expel him from their midst. Niddui and herem are Mishnaic, Palestinian terms, while shammetha is a popular Babylonian term loosely used for either, and whose legal denotation was the subject of discussion in Talmudic times (e.g., Ned. 7a-b) and later in Geonic responsa; as to its precise meaning, v. B.M. Lewin's Otzar ha-Geonim IV on Mashkin, Responsa 29ff, pp. 17-19.');"><sup>28</sup></span> forthwith; then [if he still persists] they repeat [the same declaration] after thirty days,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ordinary period of niddui, 'separation'.');"><sup>29</sup></span> and finally they pronounce the herem on him after sixty days.
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